Crude Palm Oil (CPO) accounts for 21% of the global oils and fats supply,and 26% of the global vegetable oil supply. In comparison, soybeans yield 0.4 to 0.5 tones per hectare, and account for 25% of global oils and fats supply and 31% of global vegetable oil supply. Palm oil is the highest yielding oil crop per hectare. One hectare of oil palm yields 15–30 tones of fresh fruit, giving 2 to 7 tones of CPO, as well as PKO (Palm Kernel Oil) that is extracted from the kernels.Average production per tree isabout 10 to 12 fruit bunches per year, each weighing between 20 and 30 kg. The harvested FFB are transported by truck from the plantation to the mill.
Crude palm oil has three main components, which are a mixture of oil and water,oil in water emulsions and water in oil emulsions. In clarifying station, the crude palmoil is separated into pure oil and sludge (Stork,1960).An approximate averagecomposition of screw pressed crude palm oil might be 64%oil, 24% water and 12% nonoil solid (Maycock, 1987).
The properties of crude palm oil are shown in Figure 2.2. Examination of a sludge sample revealed the presence of oil droplets of sizes varying from less than 1 μm.The difference in specific gravity between sludge oil is practically constant at 0.1 throughout the temperature range from 40ºC to 100ºC (Stork, 1960).
The largest solid impurity to be separated is the fiber and the smallest is the cellular debris. Due to the high ratio of solids to oil and the low ratio of water to solids in the crude oil from a screw press, water is added in order to enhance the settling efficiency. Experimental results show that the viscosity increases with the amount of water added up to 50% dilution. Beyond this point, the viscosity continuously falls with higher dilution but less steeply.
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| Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Properties |
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